This repository contains resources accompanying the paper "SoK: Connecting the Dots in Privacy-Preserving ML — Systematization of MPC Protocols and Conversions Between Secret Sharing Schemes." It includes comparison tables, protocol genealogy diagrams, decision graphs, and cost analyses from the paper, so that beginners can look up the systematization directly without reading the full paper.
Beyond reproducing the paper's content, this repository is actively maintained to track new MPC protocols and secret-sharing conversions as the field evolves post-publication.
👉 Explore interactively: kuleuven-cosic.github.io/sok-ppml-mpc-frameworks — a filterable framework explorer, cost-analysis charts, and a genealogy graph, all built directly from the tables below. The Markdown tables in this repo are the raw, citable source data behind it.
The full version of our paper is available on the Cryptology ePrint Archive: https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1679.
New to this SoK? A suggested reading path:
- Skim the glossary — Notation & Abbreviations, since the tables below assume you know the symbols.
- Not sure which framework fits your setting? Walk through the Decision Graph — a few high-level questions about your deployment (client–server vs. outsourcing, throughput vs. latency, honest vs. dishonest majority, ...) narrow down the relevant frameworks.
- Look up your candidates in the systematization table matching your party count: 2PC, 3/4PC, or nPC.
- Need concrete costs for a specific operation (dot-product, truncation, ReLU, ...)? See the Theoretical Costs Analysis tables.
- Want the full picture? Browse the index below, or use the live site to filter and compare interactively.
| Topic | What it answers | Repo tables | Live site |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🗂️ Notation | What do the symbols and abbreviations mean? | Notation & Abbreviations | — |
| 📚 Related Work | How does this SoK differ from prior surveys? | Related Work Comparison | Related Work |
| 🧭 Decision Graph | Which framework fits my application's requirements? | Decision Graph | Decision Graph |
| ⚙️ Design & Deployment Dimensions | How are frameworks classified (algebraic structure, threat model, execution phase, deployment mode, network)? | Comprehensive MPC Design, 2PC / 3-4PC / nPC overviews | Explorer |
| 🌳 Genealogy | How have frameworks evolved over time, and what influenced what? | Genealogy | Genealogy |
| 🤖 ML-Based Systematization | Which ML functionalities (NN layers, transformer ops) does a framework support? | 2PC / MPC ML support | Explorer |
| 🔐 Theoretical Costs Analysis | What's the concrete communication/round cost for a specific operation? | Dot-Product, Truncation, ReLU, Softmax, Sigmoid, GELU, Normalization | Cost Analysis |
| 🧩 Unification and Conversions | How do I convert between 2-, 3-, and 4-party secret-sharing schemes (the MPC Puzzle)? | MPC Puzzle | MPC Puzzle |
| 📖 Bibliography | Where do I find the full citation for a referenced work? | Bibliography | Bibliography |
Know a framework this repo doesn't cover yet? Use the live suggestion form — fill in the details and it opens a pre-formatted GitHub issue for you, no need to edit any files by hand.
Prefer to edit the tables directly, or found a stale citation? See CONTRIBUTING.md for the checklist we use to keep this repo in sync with the paper.
Please cite as:
@article{ZbudilaSYMAP25,
author = {Martin Zbudila and
Ajith Suresh and
Hossein Yalame and
Omid Mirzamohammadi and
Aysajan Abidin and
Bart Preneel},
title = {{SoK: Connecting the Dots in Privacy-Preserving {ML} - Systematization
of {MPC} Protocols and Conversions Between Secret Sharing Schemes}},
journal = {{IACR} Cryptol. ePrint Arch.},
year = {2025},
url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1679}
}