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feat: add support for multi-stream SSDs (such as FDP SSDs) #92

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046a3af
feat: add support for multi-stream SSDs(such as FDP SSDs)
Cici-Lii Dec 15, 2025
541e206
perf: check if inode in VFS has i_write_hint field
Cici-Lii Jan 13, 2026
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3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions client_module/source/common/net/message/session/rw/WriteLocalFileMsg.c
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@iamjoemccormick iamjoemccormick Dec 18, 2025

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todo: Unfortunately adding fields to network messages like the writeHint to WriteLocalFileMsg and WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg will create incompatibilities when there are mixed client/server versions. If a client sends a message with this field to a server that doesn't know about it yet, the server-side message deserialization will fail. This is also a problem if the server was updated and expects the new message format, but the client omits this field.

The expectation is that any 8.x client can communicate to any 8.x server. While sometimes we can find a way to rollout a change like this in a minor BeeGFS release, it will always require extra handling. Because this tends to introduce technical debt we have to go back and cleanup at the next major release, we try to avoid these kinds of changes if possible.

So I'll need to still justify the change internally. It would be helpful if you could share any testing you've done that demonstrates the performance improvement and/or other benefits you've seen with this patch?

@Cici-Lii Cici-Lii Jan 13, 2026

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Sure. I've added more details to the pull request. Please take a look.

Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -41,4 +41,7 @@ void WriteLocalFileMsg_serializePayload(NetMessage* this, SerializeCtx* ctx)

// targetID
Serialization_serializeUShort(ctx, thisCast->targetID);

// writeHint
Serialization_serializeUInt64(ctx, thisCast->writeHint);
}
6 changes: 4 additions & 2 deletions client_module/source/common/net/message/session/rw/WriteLocalFileMsg.h
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ typedef struct WriteLocalFileMsg WriteLocalFileMsg;
static inline void WriteLocalFileMsg_init(WriteLocalFileMsg* this);
static inline void WriteLocalFileMsg_initFromSession(WriteLocalFileMsg* this,
NumNodeID clientNumID, const char* fileHandleID, uint16_t targetID, PathInfo* pathInfo,
unsigned accessFlags, int64_t offset, int64_t count);
unsigned accessFlags, int64_t offset, int64_t count, uint64_t writeHint);

// virtual functions
extern void WriteLocalFileMsg_serializePayload(NetMessage* this, SerializeCtx* ctx);
Expand All @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ struct WriteLocalFileMsg
PathInfo* pathInfo;
unsigned userID;
unsigned groupID;
uint64_t writeHint;
};

extern const struct NetMessageOps WriteLocalFileMsg_Ops;
Expand All @@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ void WriteLocalFileMsg_init(WriteLocalFileMsg* this)
void WriteLocalFileMsg_initFromSession(WriteLocalFileMsg* this,
NumNodeID clientNumID, const char* fileHandleID, uint16_t targetID, PathInfo* pathInfo,
unsigned accessFlags,
int64_t offset, int64_t count)
int64_t offset, int64_t count, uint64_t writeHint)
{
WriteLocalFileMsg_init(this);

Expand All @@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ void WriteLocalFileMsg_initFromSession(WriteLocalFileMsg* this,

this->offset = offset;
this->count = count;
this->writeHint = writeHint;
}

void WriteLocalFileMsg_setUserdataForQuota(WriteLocalFileMsg* this, unsigned userID,
Expand Down
3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions client_module/source/common/net/message/session/rw/WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg.c
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -45,5 +45,8 @@ void WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_serializePayload(NetMessage* this, SerializeCtx* ctx)

// RDMA info
RdmaInfo_serialize(ctx, thisCast->rdmap);

// writeHint
Serialization_serializeUInt64(ctx, thisCast->writeHint);
}
#endif /* BEEGFS_NVFS */
6 changes: 4 additions & 2 deletions client_module/source/common/net/message/session/rw/WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg.h
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ typedef struct WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg;
static inline void WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_init(WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg* this);
static inline void WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_initFromSession(WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg* this,
NumNodeID clientNumID, const char* fileHandleID, uint16_t targetID, PathInfo* pathInfo,
unsigned accessFlags, int64_t offset, int64_t count, RdmaInfo *rdmap);
unsigned accessFlags, int64_t offset, int64_t count, uint64_t writeHint, RdmaInfo *rdmap);

// virtual functions
extern void WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_serializePayload(NetMessage* this, SerializeCtx* ctx);
Expand All @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ struct WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg
PathInfo* pathInfo;
unsigned userID;
unsigned groupID;
uint64_t writeHint;
RdmaInfo *rdmap;
};

Expand All @@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ void WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_init(WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg* this)
*/
void WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_initFromSession(WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg* this,
NumNodeID clientNumID, const char* fileHandleID, uint16_t targetID, PathInfo* pathInfo,
unsigned accessFlags, int64_t offset, int64_t count, RdmaInfo *rdmap)
unsigned accessFlags, int64_t offset, int64_t count, uint64_t writeHint, RdmaInfo *rdmap)
{
WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_init(this);

Expand All @@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ void WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_initFromSession(WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg* this,

this->offset = offset;
this->count = count;
this->writeHint = writeHint;

this->rdmap = rdmap;
}
Expand Down
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions client_module/source/filesystem/FhgfsInode.c
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Expand Up @@ -473,6 +473,7 @@ void __FhgfsInode_initOpenIOInfo(FhgfsInode* this, FhgfsInodeFileHandle* fileHan

outIOInfo->userID = i_uid_read(&this->vfs_inode);
outIOInfo->groupID = i_gid_read(&this->vfs_inode);
outIOInfo->writeHint = this->vfs_inode.i_write_hint;

@iamjoemccormick iamjoemccormick Dec 18, 2025

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todo: The field i_write_hint is likely not present in all kernels BeeGFS supports.

Please add a feature-detect check in client_module/build/feature-detect.sh to detect the presence of i_write_hint in struct inode and gate the client-side access accordingly.

For example I presume the client should fall back to RWH_WRITE_LIFE_NOT_SET when the field is unavailable:

#ifdef KERNEL_HAS_INODE_I_WRITE_HINT
    outIOInfo->writeHint = this->vfs_inode.i_write_hint;
#else
    outIOInfo->writeHint = 0; /* RWH_WRITE_LIFE_NOT_SET */
#endif

@Cici-Lii Cici-Lii Jan 13, 2026 •
edited
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Changes made as suggested. Thanks for your feedback!

#ifdef BEEGFS_NVFS
outIOInfo->nvfs = false;
#endif
Expand Down
5 changes: 3 additions & 2 deletions client_module/source/net/filesystem/FhgfsOpsCommKit.c
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Expand Up @@ -1322,7 +1322,8 @@ static unsigned __commkit_writefile_prepareHeader(CommKitContext* context,
{
WriteLocalFileMsg_initFromSession(&writeMsg, localNodeNumID,
context->ioInfo->fileHandleID, info->targetID, context->ioInfo->pathInfo,
context->ioInfo->accessFlags, currentState->offset, currentState->totalSize);
context->ioInfo->accessFlags, currentState->offset, currentState->totalSize,
context->ioInfo->writeHint);

netMessage = &writeMsg.netMessage;
}
Expand All @@ -1332,7 +1333,7 @@ static unsigned __commkit_writefile_prepareHeader(CommKitContext* context,
WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg_initFromSession(&writeRDMAMsg, localNodeNumID,
context->ioInfo->fileHandleID, info->targetID, context->ioInfo->pathInfo,
context->ioInfo->accessFlags, currentState->offset, currentState->totalSize,
currentState->rdmap);
context->ioInfo->writeHint, currentState->rdmap);

netMessage = &writeRDMAMsg.netMessage;
}
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion client_module/source/net/filesystem/FhgfsOpsCommKitVec.c
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Expand Up @@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ void __FhgfsOpsCommKitVec_writefileStagePREPARE(CommKitVecHelper* commHelper,
// prepare message
WriteLocalFileMsg_initFromSession(&writeMsg, localNodeNumID,
commHelper->ioInfo->fileHandleID, comm->targetID, commHelper->ioInfo->pathInfo,
commHelper->ioInfo->accessFlags, offset, remainingDataSize);
commHelper->ioInfo->accessFlags, offset, remainingDataSize, commHelper->ioInfo->writeHint);

NetMessage_setMsgHeaderTargetID( (NetMessage*)&writeMsg, nodeReferenceTargetID);

Expand Down
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions client_module/source/net/filesystem/RemotingIOInfo.h
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Expand Up @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ struct RemotingIOInfo
#ifdef BEEGFS_NVFS
bool nvfs;
#endif
uint64_t writeHint;

@iamjoemccormick iamjoemccormick Dec 18, 2025

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todo: we need to ensure the writeHint is also initialized in functions like RemotingIOInfo_initOpen() and RemotingIOInfo_initSpecialClose(). Otherwise it might be initialized to whatever random garbage is on the stack and try to assign random or invalid lifetimes on the storage side.

};


Expand Down
18 changes: 13 additions & 5 deletions common/source/common/net/message/session/rw/WriteLocalFileMsg.h
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Expand Up @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
#define WRITELOCALFILEMSG_FLAG_BUDDYMIRROR_SECOND 16 /* secondary of group, otherwise primary */
#define WRITELOCALFILEMSG_FLAG_BUDDYMIRROR_FORWARD 32 /* forward msg to secondary */

#define RW_HINT_INVALID 0xFF
class WriteLocalFileMsgBase
{
public:
Expand All @@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ class WriteLocalFileMsgBase
*/
WriteLocalFileMsgBase(const NumNodeID clientNumID, const char* fileHandleID,
const uint16_t targetID, const PathInfo* pathInfo, const unsigned accessFlags,
const int64_t offset, const int64_t count)
const int64_t offset, const int64_t count, const unsigned writeHint)

@iamjoemccormick iamjoemccormick Dec 18, 2025

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todo: this uses unsigned but elsewhere uses uint64_t.

{
this->clientNumID = clientNumID;

Expand All @@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ class WriteLocalFileMsgBase

this->offset = offset;
this->count = count;
this->writeHint = writeHint;
}

WriteLocalFileMsgBase() {}
Expand All @@ -57,7 +59,8 @@ class WriteLocalFileMsgBase
% serdes::rawString(obj->fileHandleID, obj->fileHandleIDLen, 4)
% obj->clientNumID
% serdes::backedPtr(obj->pathInfoPtr, obj->pathInfo)
% obj->targetID;
% obj->targetID
% obj->writeHint;
}

protected:
Expand All @@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ class WriteLocalFileMsgBase

uint32_t userID;
uint32_t groupID;

uint64_t writeHint;
// for serialization
const PathInfo* pathInfoPtr;

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -126,6 +129,11 @@ class WriteLocalFileMsgBase
return groupID;
}

uint64_t getWriteHint() const
{
return writeHint;
}

void setUserdataForQuota(unsigned userID, unsigned groupID)
{
this->userID = userID;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -162,9 +170,9 @@ class WriteLocalFileMsg : public WriteLocalFileMsgBase, public NetMessageSerdes<
*/
WriteLocalFileMsg(const NumNodeID clientNumID, const char* fileHandleID,
const uint16_t targetID, const PathInfo* pathInfo, const unsigned accessFlags,
const int64_t offset, const int64_t count) :
const int64_t offset, const int64_t count, const uint64_t writeHint = RW_HINT_INVALID) :
WriteLocalFileMsgBase(clientNumID, fileHandleID, targetID, pathInfo, accessFlags,
offset, count),
offset, count, writeHint),
BaseType(NETMSGTYPE_WriteLocalFile) {}

/**
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions common/source/common/net/message/session/rw/WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg.h
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Expand Up @@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ class WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg : public WriteLocalFileMsgBase, public NetMessageSer
*/
WriteLocalFileRDMAMsg(const NumNodeID clientNumID, const char* fileHandleID,
const uint16_t targetID, const PathInfo* pathInfo, const unsigned accessFlags,
const int64_t offset, const int64_t count) :
WriteLocalFileMsgBase(clientNumID, fileHandleID, targetID, pathInfo, accessFlags, offset, count),
const int64_t offset, const int64_t count, const uint64_t writeHint = RW_HINT_INVALID) :
WriteLocalFileMsgBase(clientNumID, fileHandleID, targetID, pathInfo, accessFlags, offset, count, writeHint),
BaseType(NETMSGTYPE_WriteLocalFileRDMA) {}

/**
Expand Down
7 changes: 4 additions & 3 deletions storage/source/net/message/session/rw/WriteLocalFileMsgEx.cpp
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Expand Up @@ -523,7 +523,8 @@ FhgfsOpsErr WriteLocalFileMsgExBase<Msg, WriteState>::openFile(const StorageTarg

SessionQuotaInfo quotaInfo(useQuota, enforceQuota, getUserID(), getGroupID() );

FhgfsOpsErr openChunkRes = sessionLocalFile->openFile(targetFD, getPathInfo(), true, &quotaInfo);
FhgfsOpsErr openChunkRes = sessionLocalFile->openFile(targetFD, getPathInfo(),
true, &quotaInfo, getWriteHint());

return openChunkRes;
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -638,7 +639,7 @@ FhgfsOpsErr WriteLocalFileMsgExBase<Msg, WriteState>::prepareMirroring(char* buf
mirrorToSock = mirrorToNode->getConnPool()->acquireStreamSocket();

WriteLocalFileMsg mirrorWriteMsg(getClientNumID(), getFileHandleID(), getTargetID(),
getPathInfo(), getAccessFlags(), getOffset(), getCount());
getPathInfo(), getAccessFlags(), getOffset(), getCount(), getWriteHint());

if(doSessionCheck() )
mirrorWriteMsg.addMsgHeaderFeatureFlag(WRITELOCALFILEMSG_FLAG_SESSION_CHECK);
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -733,7 +734,7 @@ FhgfsOpsErr WriteLocalFileMsgExBase<Msg, WriteState>::sendToMirror(const char* b
mirrorToSock = mirrorToNode->getConnPool()->acquireStreamSocket();

WriteLocalFileMsg mirrorWriteMsg(getClientNumID(), getFileHandleID(),
getTargetID(), getPathInfo(), getAccessFlags(), offset, toBeMirrored);
getTargetID(), getPathInfo(), getAccessFlags(), offset, toBeMirrored, getWriteHint());

if(doSessionCheck() )
mirrorWriteMsg.addMsgHeaderFeatureFlag(WRITELOCALFILEMSG_FLAG_SESSION_CHECK);
Expand Down
5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions storage/source/net/message/session/rw/WriteLocalFileMsgEx.h
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -160,6 +160,11 @@ class WriteLocalFileMsgExBase : public Msg
{
return static_cast<Msg&>(*this).getPathInfo();
}

inline uint64_t getWriteHint() const
{
return static_cast<const Msg&>(*this).getWriteHint();
}
};

/**
Expand Down
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions storage/source/session/SessionLocalFile.cpp
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Expand Up @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ void SessionLocalFile::serializeNodeID(SessionLocalFile* obj, Deserializer& des)
* @param isWriteOpen if set to true, the file will be created if it didn't exist.
*/
FhgfsOpsErr SessionLocalFile::openFile(int targetFD, const PathInfo* pathInfo,
bool isWriteOpen, const SessionQuotaInfo* quotaInfo)
bool isWriteOpen, const SessionQuotaInfo* quotaInfo, uint64_t writeHint)
{
FhgfsOpsErr retVal = FhgfsOpsErr_SUCCESS;

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ FhgfsOpsErr SessionLocalFile::openFile(int targetFD, const PathInfo* pathInfo,

FhgfsOpsErr openChunkRes = chunkDirStore->openChunkFile(
targetFD, &chunkDirPath, chunkFilePathStr, hasOrigFeature, openFlags, &fd, quotaInfo,
exceededQuotaStore);
exceededQuotaStore, writeHint);

// fix chunk path permissions
if (unlikely(openChunkRes == FhgfsOpsErr_NOTOWNER && quotaInfo->useQuota) )
Expand All @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ FhgfsOpsErr SessionLocalFile::openFile(int targetFD, const PathInfo* pathInfo,

openChunkRes = chunkDirStore->openChunkFile(
targetFD, &chunkDirPath, chunkFilePathStr, hasOrigFeature, openFlags, &fd,
quotaInfo, exceededQuotaStore);
quotaInfo, exceededQuotaStore, writeHint);
}

if (openChunkRes != FhgfsOpsErr_SUCCESS)
Expand Down
3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion storage/source/session/SessionLocalFile.h
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Expand Up @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@

#include <atomic>

#define RW_HINT_INVALID 0xFF
/**
* Represents the client session information for an open chunk file.
*/
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ class SessionLocalFile
}

FhgfsOpsErr openFile(int targetFD, const PathInfo* pathInfo, bool isWriteOpen,
const SessionQuotaInfo* quotaInfo);
const SessionQuotaInfo* quotaInfo, uint64_t writeHint = RW_HINT_INVALID);

NodeHandle setMirrorNodeExclusive(NodeHandle mirrorNode);

Expand Down
14 changes: 10 additions & 4 deletions storage/source/storage/ChunkStore.cpp
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Expand Up @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ bool ChunkStore::mkdirChunkDirPath(int targetFD, const Path* chunkDirPath, bool
}

std::pair<FhgfsOpsErr, int> ChunkStore::openAndChown(const int targetFD, const std::string& path,
const int openFlags, const SessionQuotaInfo& quota)
const int openFlags, const SessionQuotaInfo& quota, uint64_t writeHint)
{
// if we aren't using quota, we don't care about the file owner at all and may simply create the
// file if it does exist (and if openFlags requests it).
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -583,6 +583,12 @@ std::pair<FhgfsOpsErr, int> ChunkStore::openAndChown(const int targetFD, const s
return {FhgfsOpsErrTk::fromSysErr(errno), -1};
}

int r = fcntl(fd, F_SET_RW_HINT, &writeHint);
if (r < 0) {
LOG(GENERAL, ERR, "Failed to set writeHint.",
("writeHint", StringTk::uint64ToStr(writeHint)));
}

@iamjoemccormick iamjoemccormick Dec 18, 2025

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todo: If writeHint == RWH_WRITE_LIFE_NOT_SET (0), we should skip calling fcntl(F_SET_RW_HINT, …) entirely, since no hint was requested.

If a non-zero writeHint is provided and fcntl() fails for any reason (including EINVAL for unsupported kernels), we should log an error rather than silently dropping the hint. This makes it visible when the client expects lifetime hints to be applied but the server cannot honor them.


if (!quota.useQuota)
return {FhgfsOpsErr_SUCCESS, fd};

Expand All @@ -607,7 +613,7 @@ std::pair<FhgfsOpsErr, int> ChunkStore::openAndChown(const int targetFD, const s
*/
FhgfsOpsErr ChunkStore::openChunkFile(int targetFD, const Path* chunkDirPath,
const std::string& chunkFilePathStr, bool hasOrigFeature, int openFlags, int* outFD,
const SessionQuotaInfo* quotaInfo, const ExceededQuotaStorePtr exQuotaStore)
const SessionQuotaInfo* quotaInfo, const ExceededQuotaStorePtr exQuotaStore, uint64_t writeHint)
{
const char* logContext = "ChunkStore create chunkFile";
FhgfsOpsErr retVal = FhgfsOpsErr_INTERNAL;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -637,7 +643,7 @@ FhgfsOpsErr ChunkStore::openChunkFile(int targetFD, const Path* chunkDirPath,
}
}

std::tie(retVal, *outFD) = openAndChown(targetFD, chunkFilePathStr, openFlags, *quotaInfo);
std::tie(retVal, *outFD) = openAndChown(targetFD, chunkFilePathStr, openFlags, *quotaInfo, writeHint);
if (retVal == FhgfsOpsErr_SUCCESS)
return FhgfsOpsErr_SUCCESS;

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -665,7 +671,7 @@ FhgfsOpsErr ChunkStore::openChunkFile(int targetFD, const Path* chunkDirPath,
}

// dir created => try file open/create again...
std::tie(retVal, *outFD) = openAndChown(targetFD, chunkFilePathStr, openFlags, *quotaInfo);
std::tie(retVal, *outFD) = openAndChown(targetFD, chunkFilePathStr, openFlags, *quotaInfo, writeHint);

if (lastChunkDirElement) // old V2 files do not get this
{
Expand Down
9 changes: 7 additions & 2 deletions storage/source/storage/ChunkStore.h
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Expand Up @@ -11,9 +11,14 @@

#include "ChunkDir.h"

#define RW_HINT_INVALID 0xFF

#define PATH_DEPTH_IDENTIFIER 'l' // we use 'l' (level) instead of 'd', as d is part of hex numbers

#ifndef F_SET_RW_HINT
#define F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE 1024
#define F_SET_RW_HINT (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 12)
#endif

class ChunkDir;

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ class ChunkStore

FhgfsOpsErr openChunkFile(int targetFD, const Path* chunkDirPath,
const std::string& chunkFilePathStr, bool hasOrigFeature, int openFlags, int* outFD,
const SessionQuotaInfo* quotaInfo, const ExceededQuotaStorePtr exQuotaStore);
const SessionQuotaInfo* quotaInfo, const ExceededQuotaStorePtr exQuotaStore, uint64_t writeHint = RW_HINT_INVALID);

bool chmodV2ChunkDirPath(int targetFD, const Path* chunkDirPath, const std::string& entryID);

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -87,7 +92,7 @@ class ChunkStore
ChunkDir** outChunkDir);

std::pair<FhgfsOpsErr, int> openAndChown(const int targetFD, const std::string& path,
const int openFlags, const SessionQuotaInfo& quota);
const int openFlags, const SessionQuotaInfo& quota, uint64_t writeHint = RW_HINT_INVALID);

// inlined

Expand Down