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terms.md

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Terms

Chapter 1

  • //: Denotes a comment
  • <<: cout's output operator.
  • cout: C++'s version of print. Abbreviation of character output stream.
  • import: A module import statement. It instructs the computer to make available facilities from a module.
  • #include: Pre- C++20 way to import headers, but not modules.
  • main(): A necessary function in a C++ program that tells it where to start executing.
  • module: A contained set of functions, classes, and variables that was introduced in C++20.
  • std: A namespace in the C++ Standard Library that contains standard fuctions, classes, and objects.
  • bug: A logical error in your code.
  • C++: A compiled language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup.
  • command line: The terminal.
  • comment: Comments are written to describe what the program is intended to do and provide information useful for humans that can't be directly expressed in code.
  • compiler: A program that translates the human readable code in a .cpp file into an object file.
  • compile-time: The period of time when your .cpp files are compiled into object files
  • debugging: The act of troubleshooting your program of any errors.
  • error: Any syntax, semantic, spelling, or logic error that causes your program to not compile or run as expected.
  • executable: The final output file from the compiler and linker that lets you run your program.
  • function: a named sequence of instructions for the computer to execute in the order which they are written.
  • header file: A header file includes functions/other code and is imported/included into your program to allow you to access it from your own functions.
  • IDE: Integrated Development Environment.
  • library: A set of functions that can be imported and used in your own program, instead of having to create functions yourself.
  • linker: A program that links object files into an executable file.
  • object code: Compiled source code that needs to be linked in order to be executed.
  • output: What the computer returns as a result of your input.
  • program: A set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.
  • source code: Human readable code.
  • statement: Instructions written in code that performs a specific action (e.g., variable declaration, expression evaluation).

Chapter 2

  • ++: Increment a variable by 1.
  • <: The less than operator symbol.
  • <=: The greater than OR equal to operator symbol.
  • !=: The not equal to operator symbol
  • =: The assignment operator symbol.
  • ==: The is equal to operator symbol.
  • >: The greater than operator symbol.
  • >=: The greater than OR equal to operator symbol.
  • auto: Automatically assigns the type of the variable based on the initial value.
  • cin: Input stream from the standard library.
  • double: A data type that represents float numbers.
  • int: A data type that represents whole numbers.
  • string: A data type that represents an array of letters.
  • assignment: Giving value to a variable.
  • concatenation: Stringing independent values together with an operator.
  • conversion: Changing a variable from one data type to another.
  • declaration: A statement that gives a name and a type to an object.
  • decrement: Decrease the value by X.
  • definition: A statement that introduces a new name into a program and sets aside memory for a variable.
  • increment: Increase a variable by X.
  • initialization: Give a new variable a starting value.
  • name: What we give to variables to call them, they start with a letter and contain only letters, digits, and underscores.
  • narrowing: Converting a variable's data type to a smaller data type.
  • object: A region of memory with a type that specifies what kind of information can be placed in it. Named objects are variables.
  • operation: An action applied to an input to get an output using operators.
  • operator: Acts upon objects to compare/assign values and complete operations.
  • truncation: When a narrowing conversion rounds down the original value.
  • type: Defines the properties of the variable and the functions/operations that can be applied to it.
  • type safety: A feature of programming languages that enforce objects to only use functions/operations applicable to it's type.
  • value: The data assigned to an object.
  • variable: A named object with a specific type.
  • widening: Converting a variable's data type to a bigger data type.