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Stream Authentication Mechanism

Monibuca V5 provides a comprehensive stream authentication mechanism to control access permissions for publishing and subscribing to streams. The authentication mechanism supports multiple methods, including key-based signature authentication and custom authentication handlers.

Authentication Principles

1. Authentication Flow Sequence Diagrams

Publishing Authentication Sequence Diagram

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client as Publishing Client
    participant Plugin as Plugin
    participant AuthHandler as Auth Handler
    participant Server as Server
    
    Client->>Plugin: Publishing Request (streamPath, args)
    Plugin->>Plugin: Check EnableAuth && Type == PublishTypeServer
    
    alt Authentication Enabled
        Plugin->>Plugin: Look for custom auth handler
        
        alt Custom Handler Exists
            Plugin->>AuthHandler: onAuthPub(publisher)
            AuthHandler->>AuthHandler: Execute custom auth logic
            AuthHandler-->>Plugin: Auth result
        else Use Key-based Auth
            Plugin->>Plugin: Check if conf.Key exists
            alt Key Configured
                Plugin->>Plugin: auth(streamPath, key, secret, expire)
                Plugin->>Plugin: Validate timestamp
                Plugin->>Plugin: Validate secret length
                Plugin->>Plugin: Calculate MD5 signature
                Plugin->>Plugin: Compare signatures
                Plugin-->>Plugin: Auth result
            end
        end
        
        alt Auth Failed
            Plugin-->>Client: Auth failed, reject publishing
        else Auth Success
            Plugin->>Server: Create Publisher and add to stream management
            Server-->>Plugin: Publishing successful
            Plugin-->>Client: Publishing established successfully
        end
    else Auth Disabled
        Plugin->>Server: Create Publisher directly
        Server-->>Plugin: Publishing successful
        Plugin-->>Client: Publishing established successfully
    end
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Subscribing Authentication Sequence Diagram

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client as Subscribing Client
    participant Plugin as Plugin
    participant AuthHandler as Auth Handler
    participant Server as Server
    
    Client->>Plugin: Subscribing Request (streamPath, args)
    Plugin->>Plugin: Check EnableAuth && Type == SubscribeTypeServer
    
    alt Authentication Enabled
        Plugin->>Plugin: Look for custom auth handler
        
        alt Custom Handler Exists
            Plugin->>AuthHandler: onAuthSub(subscriber)
            AuthHandler->>AuthHandler: Execute custom auth logic
            AuthHandler-->>Plugin: Auth result
        else Use Key-based Auth
            Plugin->>Plugin: Check if conf.Key exists
            alt Key Configured
                Plugin->>Plugin: auth(streamPath, key, secret, expire)
                Plugin->>Plugin: Validate timestamp
                Plugin->>Plugin: Validate secret length
                Plugin->>Plugin: Calculate MD5 signature
                Plugin->>Plugin: Compare signatures
                Plugin-->>Plugin: Auth result
            end
        end
        
        alt Auth Failed
            Plugin-->>Client: Auth failed, reject subscribing
        else Auth Success
            Plugin->>Server: Create Subscriber and wait for Publisher
            Server->>Server: Wait for stream publishing and track ready
            Server-->>Plugin: Subscribing ready
            Plugin-->>Client: Start streaming data transmission
        end
    else Auth Disabled
        Plugin->>Server: Create Subscriber directly
        Server-->>Plugin: Subscribing successful
        Plugin-->>Client: Start streaming data transmission
    end
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2. Authentication Trigger Points

Authentication is triggered in the following two scenarios:

  • Publishing Authentication: Triggered when there's a publishing request in the PublishWithConfig method
  • Subscribing Authentication: Triggered when there's a subscribing request in the SubscribeWithConfig method

3. Authentication Condition Checks

Authentication is only executed when the following conditions are met simultaneously:

if p.config.EnableAuth && publisher.Type == PublishTypeServer
  • EnableAuth: Authentication is enabled in the plugin configuration
  • Type == PublishTypeServer/SubscribeTypeServer: Only authenticate server-type publishing/subscribing

4. Authentication Method Priority

The system executes authentication in the following priority order:

  1. Custom Authentication Handler (Highest priority)
  2. Key-based Signature Authentication
  3. No Authentication (Default pass)

Custom Authentication Handlers

Publishing Authentication Handler

onAuthPub := p.Meta.OnAuthPub
if onAuthPub == nil {
    onAuthPub = p.Server.Meta.OnAuthPub
}
if onAuthPub != nil {
    if err = onAuthPub(publisher).Await(); err != nil {
        p.Warn("auth failed", "error", err)
        return
    }
}

Authentication handler lookup order:

  1. Plugin-level authentication handler p.Meta.OnAuthPub
  2. Server-level authentication handler p.Server.Meta.OnAuthPub

Subscribing Authentication Handler

onAuthSub := p.Meta.OnAuthSub
if onAuthSub == nil {
    onAuthSub = p.Server.Meta.OnAuthSub
}
if onAuthSub != nil {
    if err = onAuthSub(subscriber).Await(); err != nil {
        p.Warn("auth failed", "error", err)
        return
    }
}

Key-based Signature Authentication

When there's no custom authentication handler, if a Key is configured, the system will use MD5-based signature authentication mechanism.

Authentication Algorithm

func (p *Plugin) auth(streamPath string, key string, secret string, expire string) (err error) {
    // 1. Validate expiration time
    if unixTime, err := strconv.ParseInt(expire, 16, 64); err != nil || time.Now().Unix() > unixTime {
        return fmt.Errorf("auth failed expired")
    }
    
    // 2. Validate secret length
    if len(secret) != 32 {
        return fmt.Errorf("auth failed secret length must be 32")
    }
    
    // 3. Calculate the true secret
    trueSecret := md5.Sum([]byte(key + streamPath + expire))
    
    // 4. Compare secrets
    if secret == hex.EncodeToString(trueSecret[:]) {
        return nil
    }
    return fmt.Errorf("auth failed invalid secret")
}

Signature Calculation Steps

  1. Construct signature string: key + streamPath + expire
  2. MD5 encryption: Perform MD5 hash on the signature string
  3. Hexadecimal encoding: Convert MD5 result to 32-character hexadecimal string
  4. Verify signature: Compare calculation result with client-provided secret

Parameter Description

Parameter Type Description Example
key string Secret key set in configuration file "mySecretKey"
streamPath string Stream path "live/test"
expire string Expiration timestamp (hexadecimal) "64a1b2c3"
secret string Client-calculated signature (32-char hex) "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592"

Timestamp Handling

  • Expiration time uses hexadecimal Unix timestamp
  • System validates if current time exceeds expiration time
  • Timestamp parsing failure or expiration will cause authentication failure

API Key Generation

The system also provides API interfaces for key generation, supporting authentication needs for admin dashboard:

p.handle("/api/secret/{type}/{streamPath...}", http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // JWT Token validation
    authHeader := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
    tokenString := strings.TrimPrefix(authHeader, "Bearer ")
    _, err := p.Server.ValidateToken(tokenString)
    
    // Generate publishing or subscribing key
    streamPath := r.PathValue("streamPath")
    t := r.PathValue("type")
    expire := r.URL.Query().Get("expire")
    
    if t == "publish" {
        secret := md5.Sum([]byte(p.config.Publish.Key + streamPath + expire))
        rw.Write([]byte(hex.EncodeToString(secret[:])))
    } else if t == "subscribe" {
        secret := md5.Sum([]byte(p.config.Subscribe.Key + streamPath + expire))
        rw.Write([]byte(hex.EncodeToString(secret[:])))
    }
}))

Configuration Examples

Enable Authentication

# Plugin configuration
rtmp:
  enableAuth: true
  publish:
    key: "your-publish-key"
  subscribe:
    key: "your-subscribe-key"

Publishing URL Example

rtmp://localhost/live/test?secret=5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592&expire=64a1b2c3

Subscribing URL Example

http://localhost:8080/flv/live/test.flv?secret=a1b2c3d4e5f6789012345678901234ab&expire=64a1b2c3

Security Considerations

  1. Key Protection: Keys in configuration files should be properly secured to prevent leakage
  2. Time Window: Set reasonable expiration times to balance security and usability
  3. HTTPS Transport: Use HTTPS for transmitting authentication parameters in production
  4. Logging: Authentication failures are logged as warnings for security auditing

Error Handling

Common causes of authentication failure:

  • auth failed expired: Timestamp expired or format error
  • auth failed secret length must be 32: Incorrect secret length
  • auth failed invalid secret: Signature verification failed
  • invalid token: JWT verification failed during API key generation