diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle
index 1add4db0..3ad0d2a6 100644
--- a/build.gradle
+++ b/build.gradle
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ configurations.all {
 
 dependencies {
     implementation 'net.java.dev.jna:jna:5.10.0'
-    implementation 'ome:formats-gpl:8.5.0'
+    implementation 'ome:formats-gpl:9.0.0-SNAPSHOT'
     implementation 'info.picocli:picocli:4.7.5'
     implementation 'com.univocity:univocity-parsers:2.8.4'
     implementation 'dev.zarr:zarr-java:0.1.3'
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/glencoesoftware/bioformats2raw/Converter.java b/src/main/java/com/glencoesoftware/bioformats2raw/Converter.java
index d506ee1f..a7b4d09e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/glencoesoftware/bioformats2raw/Converter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/glencoesoftware/bioformats2raw/Converter.java
@@ -46,11 +46,16 @@
 import loci.formats.ClassList;
 import loci.formats.FormatException;
 import loci.formats.FormatTools;
+import loci.formats.IAxisOrientationReader;
 import loci.formats.IFormatReader;
 import loci.formats.ImageReader;
 import loci.formats.Memoizer;
 import loci.formats.MinMaxCalculator;
 import loci.formats.MissingLibraryException;
+import loci.formats.Orientation;
+import loci.formats.OrientationTerm;
+import loci.formats.OrientationType;
+import loci.formats.ReaderWrapper;
 import loci.formats.in.DynamicMetadataOptions;
 import loci.formats.meta.IMetadata;
 import loci.formats.ome.OMEXMLMetadata;
@@ -3060,7 +3065,27 @@ else if (axisChar.equals("y")) {
     }
     multiscale.put("datasets", datasets);
 
-    List<Map<String, String>> axes = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
+    Orientation[] axisOrientations = null;
+    String orientationOrder = null;
+    try {
+      v = readers.take();
+      if (v instanceof ReaderWrapper) {
+        IFormatReader unwrapped = ((ReaderWrapper) v).unwrap();
+        if (unwrapped instanceof IAxisOrientationReader) {
+          axisOrientations =
+            ((IAxisOrientationReader) unwrapped).getAxisOrientations();
+          orientationOrder = unwrapped.getDimensionOrder().toLowerCase();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    catch (FormatException e) {
+      LOGGER.error("Could not get axis orientations", e);
+    }
+    finally {
+      readers.put(v);
+    }
+
+    List<Map<String, Object>> axes = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
     for (int i=0; i<activeAxes.size(); i++) {
       String axis = String.valueOf(activeAxes.get(i).getType()).toLowerCase();
       String type = "space";
@@ -3071,7 +3096,7 @@ else if (axisChar.equals("y")) {
       else if (axis.equals("c")) {
         type = "channel";
       }
-      Map<String, String> thisAxis = new HashMap<String, String>();
+      Map<String, Object> thisAxis = new HashMap<String, Object>();
       thisAxis.put("name", axis);
       thisAxis.put("type", type);
       if (scale != null) {
@@ -3094,6 +3119,25 @@ else if (scale instanceof Time) {
           thisAxis.put("unit", unitName);
         }
       }
+      if (axisOrientations != null && orientationOrder != null) {
+        int orientationIndex = orientationOrder.indexOf(axis);
+        if (orientationIndex >= 0) {
+          Orientation axisOrientation = axisOrientations[orientationIndex];
+          Map<String, String> orientationMap = null;
+          if (axisOrientation != null) {
+            orientationMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+            OrientationType orientType = axisOrientation.getOrientationType();
+            OrientationTerm orientTerm = axisOrientation.getOrientationTerm();
+            if (orientType != null) {
+              orientationMap.put("type", orientType.getDefinedType());
+            }
+            if (orientTerm != null) {
+              orientationMap.put("value", orientTerm.getDefinedTerm());
+            }
+          }
+          thisAxis.put("orientation", orientationMap);
+        }
+      }
       axes.add(thisAxis);
     }
     multiscale.put("axes", axes);
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/glencoesoftware/bioformats2raw/test/ZarrV3Test.java b/src/test/java/com/glencoesoftware/bioformats2raw/test/ZarrV3Test.java
index 1976847d..25f093fb 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/glencoesoftware/bioformats2raw/test/ZarrV3Test.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/glencoesoftware/bioformats2raw/test/ZarrV3Test.java
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
@@ -491,6 +493,70 @@ public void testPixelType(String type, DataType dataType) throws Exception {
     assertFalse(ome.getImage(0).getPixels().getBigEndian());
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Test anatomical orientation (RFC-4).
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testAnatomicalOrientation() throws Exception {
+    HashMap<String, String> opts = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    opts.put("sizeZ", "4");
+    opts.put("sizeC", "3");
+    opts.put("sizeT", "2");
+    HashMap<String, String> seriesOpts = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    seriesOpts.put("AxisCount", "5");
+    seriesOpts.put("AxisOrientationType_0", "anatomical");
+    seriesOpts.put("AxisOrientationTerm_0", "left-to-right");
+    seriesOpts.put("AxisOrientationType_1", "anatomical");
+    seriesOpts.put("AxisOrientationTerm_1", "posterior-to-anterior");
+    seriesOpts.put("AxisOrientationType_2", "anatomical");
+    seriesOpts.put("AxisOrientationTerm_2", "rostral-to-caudal");
+    Map<Integer, Map<String, String>> allSeries =
+      new HashMap<Integer, Map<String, String>>();
+    allSeries.put(0, seriesOpts);
+    input = fake(opts, allSeries);
+
+    assertTool("--ngff-version", getNGFFVersion());
+
+    Array array = Array.open(store.resolve("0", "0"));
+    assertArrayEquals(new long[] {2, 3, 4, 512, 512}, array.metadata().shape);
+
+    Group rootGroup = Group.open(store.resolve("0"));
+    Attributes attrs = rootGroup.metadata().attributes;
+    Attributes omeAttrs = attrs.getAttributes("ome");
+
+    List<Map<String, Object>> multiscales =
+      (List<Map<String, Object>>) omeAttrs.get("multiscales");
+    assertEquals(1, multiscales.size());
+    Map<String, Object> multiscale = multiscales.get(0);
+    checkMultiscale(multiscale, "image");
+
+    List<Map<String, Object>> datasets =
+      (List<Map<String, Object>>) multiscale.get("datasets");
+    assertTrue(datasets.size() > 0);
+    assertEquals("0", datasets.get(0).get("path"));
+
+    List<Map<String, Object>> axes =
+      (List<Map<String, Object>>) multiscale.get("axes");
+    checkAxes(axes, "TCZYX", null);
+
+    for (int i=0; i<axes.size(); i++) {
+      Map<String, Object> axis = axes.get(i);
+      int originalAxisIndex = axes.size() - i - 1;
+      if (axis.get("orientation") == null) {
+        assertNull(seriesOpts.get("AxisOrientationType_" + originalAxisIndex));
+        assertNull(seriesOpts.get("AxisOrientationTerm_" + originalAxisIndex));
+      }
+      else {
+        Map<String, Object> orientation =
+          (Map<String, Object>) axis.get("orientation");
+        assertEquals(orientation.get("type"),
+          seriesOpts.get("AxisOrientationType_" + originalAxisIndex));
+        assertEquals(orientation.get("value"),
+          seriesOpts.get("AxisOrientationTerm_" + originalAxisIndex));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * @return pairs of pixel type strings and Zarr data types
    */