relationship.rb

# TODO: update Model#respond_to? to return true if method_method missing
# would handle the message

module DataMapper
  module Model
    module Relationship
      Model.append_extensions self

      include DataMapper::Assertions

      # Initializes relationships hash for extended model
      # class.
      #
      # When model calls has n, has 1 or belongs_to, relationships
      # are stored in that hash: keys are repository names and
      # values are relationship sets.
      #
      # @api private
      def self.extended(model)
        model.instance_eval do
          @relationships ||= {}
        end
      end

      # When DataMapper model is inherited, relationships
      # of parent are duplicated and copied to subclass model
      #
      # @api private
      def inherited(model)
        model.instance_eval do
          @relationships ||= {}
        end

        @relationships.each do |repository_name, relationships|
          model_relationships = model.relationships(repository_name)
          relationships.each { |relationship| model_relationships << relationship }
        end

        super
      end

      # Returns copy of relationships set in given repository.
      #
      # @param [Symbol] repository_name
      #   Name of the repository for which relationships set is returned
      # @return [RelationshipSet]  relationships set for given repository
      #
      # @api semipublic
      def relationships(repository_name = default_repository_name)
        # TODO: create RelationshipSet#copy that will copy the relationships, but assign the
        # new Relationship objects to a supplied repository and model.  dup does not really
        # do what is needed

        default_repository_name = self.default_repository_name

        @relationships[repository_name] ||= if repository_name == default_repository_name
          RelationshipSet.new
        else
          relationships(default_repository_name).dup
        end
      end

      # Used to express unlimited cardinality of association,
      # see +has+
      #
      # @api public
      def n
        Infinity
      end

      # A shorthand, clear syntax for defining one-to-one, one-to-many and
      # many-to-many resource relationships.
      #
      #  * has 1,    :friend                             # one friend
      #  * has n,    :friends                            # many friends
      #  * has 1..3, :friends                            # many friends (at least 1, at most 3)
      #  * has 3,    :friends                            # many friends (exactly 3)
      #  * has 1,    :friend,  'User'                    # one friend with the class User
      #  * has 3,    :friends, :through => :friendships  # many friends through the friendships relationship
      #
      # @param cardinality [Integer, Range, Infinity]
      #   cardinality that defines the association type and constraints
      # @param name [Symbol]
      #   the name that the association will be referenced by
      # @param *args [Model, Hash] model and/or options hash
      #
      # @option *args :through[Symbol] A association that this join should go through to form
      #   a many-to-many association
      # @option *args :model[Model, String] The name of the class to associate with, if omitted
      #   then the association name is assumed to match the class name
      # @option *args :repository[Symbol] name of child model repository
      #
      # @return [Association::Relationship] the relationship that was
      #   created to reflect either a one-to-one, one-to-many or many-to-many
      #   relationship
      # @raise [ArgumentError] if the cardinality was not understood. Should be a
      #   Integer, Range or Infinity(n)
      #
      # @api public
      def has(cardinality, name, *args)
        name    = name.to_sym
        model   = extract_model(args)
        options = extract_options(args)

        min, max = extract_min_max(cardinality)
        options.update(:min => min, :max => max)

        assert_valid_options(options)

        if options.key?(:model) && model
          raise ArgumentError, 'should not specify options[:model] if passing the model in the third argument'
        end

        model ||= options.delete(:model)

        repository_name = repository.name

        # TODO: change to :target_respository_name and :source_repository_name
        options[:child_repository_name]  = options.delete(:repository)
        options[:parent_repository_name] = repository_name

        klass = if max > 1
          options.key?(:through) ? Associations::ManyToMany::Relationship : Associations::OneToMany::Relationship
        else
          Associations::OneToOne::Relationship
        end

        relationship = klass.new(name, model, self, options)

        relationships(repository_name) << relationship

        descendants.each do |descendant|
          descendant.relationships(repository_name) << relationship
        end

        create_relationship_reader(relationship)
        create_relationship_writer(relationship)

        relationship
      end

      # A shorthand, clear syntax for defining many-to-one resource relationships.
      #
      #  * belongs_to :user                              # many to one user
      #  * belongs_to :friend, :model => 'User'          # many to one friend
      #  * belongs_to :reference, :repository => :pubmed # association for repository other than default
      #
      # @param name [Symbol]
      #   the name that the association will be referenced by
      # @param *args [Model, Hash] model and/or options hash
      #
      # @option *args :model[Model, String] The name of the class to associate with, if omitted
      #   then the association name is assumed to match the class name
      # @option *args :repository[Symbol] name of child model repository
      #
      # @return [Association::Relationship] The association created
      #   should not be accessed directly
      #
      # @api public
      def belongs_to(name, *args)
        name       = name.to_sym
        model_name = self.name
        model      = extract_model(args)
        options    = extract_options(args)

        if options.key?(:through)
          raise "#{model_name}#belongs_to with :through is deprecated, use 'has 1, :#{name}, #{options.inspect}' in #{model_name} instead (#{caller.first})"
        elsif options.key?(:model) && model
          raise ArgumentError, 'should not specify options[:model] if passing the model in the third argument'
        end

        assert_valid_options(options)

        model ||= options.delete(:model)

        repository_name = repository.name

        # TODO: change to source_repository_name and target_respository_name
        options[:child_repository_name]  = repository_name
        options[:parent_repository_name] = options.delete(:repository)

        relationship = Associations::ManyToOne::Relationship.new(name, self, model, options)

        relationships(repository_name) << relationship

        descendants.each do |descendant|
          descendant.relationships(repository_name) << relationship
        end

        create_relationship_reader(relationship)
        create_relationship_writer(relationship)

        relationship
      end

    private

      # Extract the model from an Array of arguments
      #
      # @param [Array(Model, String, Hash)]
      #   The arguments passed to an relationship declaration
      #
      # @return [Model, #to_str]
      #   target model for the association
      #
      # @api private
      def extract_model(args)
        model = args.first

        if model.kind_of?(Model)
          model
        elsif model.respond_to?(:to_str)
          model.to_str
        else
          nil
        end
      end

      # Extract the model from an Array of arguments
      #
      # @param [Array(Model, String, Hash)]
      #   The arguments passed to an relationship declaration
      #
      # @return [Hash]
      #   options for the association
      #
      # @api private
      def extract_options(args)
        options = args.last
        options.respond_to?(:to_hash) ? options.to_hash.dup : {}
      end

      # A support method for converting Integer, Range or Infinity values into two
      # values representing the minimum and maximum cardinality of the association
      #
      # @return [Array]  A pair of integers, min and max
      #
      # @api private
      def extract_min_max(cardinality)
        case cardinality
          when Integer  then [ cardinality,       cardinality      ]
          when Range    then [ cardinality.first, cardinality.last ]
          when Infinity then [ 0,                 Infinity         ]
          else
            assert_kind_of 'options', options, Integer, Range, Infinity.class
        end
      end

      # Validates options of association method like belongs_to or has:
      # verifies types of cardinality bounds, repository, association class,
      # keys and possible values of :through option.
      #
      # @api private
      def assert_valid_options(options)
        # TODO: update to match Query#assert_valid_options
        #   - perform options normalization elsewhere

        if options.key?(:min) && options.key?(:max)
          min = options[:min]
          max = options[:max]

          min = min.to_int unless min == Infinity
          max = max.to_int unless max == Infinity

          if min == Infinity && max == Infinity
            raise ArgumentError, 'Cardinality may not be n..n.  The cardinality specifies the min/max number of results from the association'
          elsif min > max
            raise ArgumentError, "Cardinality min (#{min}) cannot be larger than the max (#{max})"
          elsif min < 0
            raise ArgumentError, "Cardinality min much be greater than or equal to 0, but was #{min}"
          elsif max < 1
            raise ArgumentError, "Cardinality max much be greater than or equal to 1, but was #{max}"
          end
        end

        if options.key?(:repository)
          options[:repository] = options[:repository].to_sym
        end

        if options.key?(:class_name)
          raise "+options[:class_name]+ is deprecated, use :model instead (#{caller[1]})"
        elsif options.key?(:remote_name)
          raise "+options[:remote_name]+ is deprecated, use :via instead (#{caller[1]})"
        end

        if options.key?(:through)
          assert_kind_of 'options[:through]', options[:through], Symbol, Module
        end

        [ :via, :inverse ].each do |key|
          if options.key?(key)
            assert_kind_of "options[#{key.inspect}]", options[key], Symbol, Associations::Relationship
          end
        end

        # TODO: deprecate :child_key and :parent_key in favor of :source_key and
        # :target_key (will mean something different for each relationship)

        [ :child_key, :parent_key ].each do |key|
          if options.key?(key)
            options[key] = Array(options[key])
          end
        end

        if options.key?(:limit)
          raise ArgumentError, '+options[:limit]+ should not be specified on a relationship'
        end
      end

      # Defines the anonymous module that is used to add relationships.
      # Using a single module here prevents having a very large number
      # of anonymous modules, where each property has their own module.
      # @api private
      def relationship_module
        @relationship_module ||= begin
          mod = Module.new
          class_eval do
            include mod
          end
          mod
        end
      end

      # Dynamically defines reader method
      #
      # @api private
      def create_relationship_reader(relationship)
        name        = relationship.name
        reader_name = name.to_s

        return if method_defined?(reader_name)

        reader_visibility = relationship.reader_visibility

        relationship_module.module_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
          #{reader_visibility}
          def #{reader_name}(query = nil)
            # TODO: when no query is passed in, return the results from
            #       the ivar directly. This will require that the ivar
            #       actually hold the resource/collection, and in the case
            #       of 1:1, the underlying collection is hidden in a
            #       private ivar, and the resource is in a known ivar

            persistence_state.get(relationships[#{name.inspect}], query)
          end
        RUBY
      end

      # Dynamically defines writer method
      #
      # @api private
      def create_relationship_writer(relationship)
        name        = relationship.name
        writer_name = "#{name}="

        return if method_defined?(writer_name)

        writer_visibility = relationship.writer_visibility

        relationship_module.module_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
          #{writer_visibility}
          def #{writer_name}(target)
            relationship = relationships[#{name.inspect}]
            self.persistence_state = persistence_state.set(relationship, target)
            persistence_state.get(relationship)
          end
        RUBY
      end

      # @api public
      def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
        if relationship = relationships(repository_name)[method]
          return Query::Path.new([ relationship ])
        end

        super
      end

    end # module Relationship
  end # module Model
end # module DataMapper