sudoku_solver_cli.py

def find_next_empty(puzzle):
    for r in range(9):
        for c in range(9):
            if puzzle[r][c] == 0:
                return r, c
    return None, None


def is_valid(puzzle, guess, row, col):
    row_vals = puzzle[row]
    if guess in row_vals:
        return False

    col_vals = [puzzle[i][col] for i in range(9)]
    if guess in col_vals:
        return False

    row_start = (row // 3) * 3
    col_start = (col // 3) * 3

    for r in range(row_start, row_start + 3):
        for c in range(col_start, col_start + 3):
            if puzzle[r][c] == guess:
                return False
    return True


def solve_sudoku(puzzle):
    row, col = find_next_empty(puzzle)
    if row is None:
        return True

    for guess in range(1, 10):
        if is_valid(puzzle, guess, row, col):
            puzzle[row][col] = guess
            if solve_sudoku(puzzle):
                return True

        puzzle[row][col] = 0

    return False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    example_board = [
        [3, 9, 0,    0, 5, 0,    0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0,    2, 0, 0,    0, 0, 5],
        [0, 0, 0,    7, 1, 9,    0, 8, 0],

        [0, 5, 0,    0, 6, 8,    0, 0, 0],
        [2, 0, 6,    0, 0, 3,    0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0,    0, 0, 0,    0, 0, 4],

        [5, 0, 0,    0, 0, 0,    0, 0, 0],
        [6, 7, 0,    1, 0, 5,    0, 4, 0],
        [1, 0, 9,    0, 0, 0,    2, 0, 0]
    ]
    print(solve_sudoku(example_board))
    print(example_board)