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04 Strategy Library
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01 CAPM Alpha Ranking Strategy on Dow 30 Companies
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02 资本资产定价模型(CAPM)理论.cn.html
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04 Strategy Library
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01 CAPM Alpha Ranking Strategy on Dow 30 Companies
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02 资本资产定价模型(CAPM)理论.cn.html
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<p>
资本资产定价模型(CAPM)描述了系统性风险与资产(通常是股票)预期收益之间的关系。给定风险的资产预期收益计算公式如下:
</p>
\[r_a = r_f + \beta_a*(r_m - r_f) + \epsilon \]
<p>
其中:
</p>
\[r_f = Risk Free Rate\]
\[\beta = Beta of the security\]
\[r_m = Expected market return\]
\[\epsilon = Tracking error\]
<p>
将公式重构如下,可以更好地理解这个公式:
</p>
\[(r_a - r_f ) = \beta_a*(r_m - r_f) + \epsilon \]
<p>
方程的左边给出了资产收益和无风险利率之间的差额,即<strong>"超额收益"</strong>。如果我们将<strong>市场超额收益</strong>与<strong>资产超额收益</strong>进行对比,斜率代表资产的<strong>"beta"</strong>。因此,beta也可以通过公式计算:
</p>
\[\beta = \frac{Cov(r_a,r_b)}{var(r_b)}\]
<p>
因此beta可以描述为:
</p>
\[\beta = \rho _a,_b*\frac{\sigma _a}{\sigma_b}\]
<p>
由上式可知,beta可以解释为<strong>“关联相对波动”</strong>。为了更加简化,可以通过简单的线性回归来计算beta,线性回归可以看作是解释收僧的一个因素,跟踪误差可以表示alpha。为了使这个理论对我们的算法更加便利,我们将上面的公式改为如下形式:
</p>
\[r_a = \beta*r_m + r_f*(1-\beta) + \epsilon\]
<p>
等式右边的<strong>r*(1-β) </strong>是一个非常小的项目,在道琼斯前30强企业的背景下可以忽略不计。如果我们使用基准收益对股票收益进行回归,斜率和截距将分别为beta和alpha。
</p>
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