diff --git a/install.sh b/install.sh
index c737a34bc9..4c5e8397d3 100644
--- a/install.sh
+++ b/install.sh
@@ -1351,15 +1351,58 @@ EOF
     fi
 
     ${xui_folder}/x-ui migrate
+    echo ""
+    echo -e "${green}═══════════════════════════════════════════${plain}"
+    echo -e "${green}     Fail2ban / IP Limit Configuration     ${plain}"
+    echo -e "${green}═══════════════════════════════════════════${plain}"
+    echo -e "1) iptables (legacy, recommended default)"
+    echo -e "2) nftables (modern)"
+    echo -e "3) Skip (IP Limit will be disabled)"
+
+    local fb_choice="1"
+    if [[ "$NONINTERACTIVE" == "1" ]]; then
+        case "${XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND:-iptables}" in
+            nft|nftables) fb_choice="2" ;;
+            none|skip)    fb_choice="3" ;;
+            *)            fb_choice="1" ;;
+        esac
+    else
+        read -rp "Choose [1]: " fb_choice
+        fb_choice="${fb_choice:-1}"
+    fi
+
+    case "$fb_choice" in
+        2) export XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND="nftables" ;;
+        3) export XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND="none" ;;
+        *) export XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND="iptables" ;;
+    esac
+
+    echo -e "${green}Selected backend: ${XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND}${plain}"
+
+    # Persist backend choice for x-ui.sh menu operations
+    mkdir -p /etc/x-ui
+    echo "$XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND" > /etc/x-ui/fail2ban_backend
+    chmod 600 /etc/x-ui/fail2ban_backend
+
 }
 
-# setup_fail2ban auto-installs and configures fail2ban for the IP Limit feature
-# by invoking the freshly installed x-ui CLI. IP Limit is load-bearing on
-# fail2ban (without it the panel disables the limitIp field and zeroes existing
-# limits), so a fresh install should make it work out of the box, just like the
-# Docker image already does. Non-fatal by design: a fail2ban failure must never
-# abort the panel install.
+# setup_fail2ban auto-installs and configures fail2ban + IP Limit during installation.
+# It respects the XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND environment variable (set in config_after_install):
+#   - "iptables" (default): uses legacy iptables backend
+#   - "nftables": uses modern nftables backend
+#   - "none": completely skips Fail2ban/IP Limit setup
+#
+# IP Limit feature depends on fail2ban. Without it the panel will disable the
+# limitIp field and zero existing limits. This function is non-fatal by design —
+# a failure here must never abort the overall panel installation.
+#
+# Called automatically after a fresh install (and via `x-ui setup-fail2ban`).
 setup_fail2ban() {
+    if [[ "${XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND}" == "none" ]]; then
+        echo -e "${yellow}Fail2ban/IP Limit skipped by user choice.${plain}"
+        return 0
+    fi
+
     if [[ -n "${XUI_ENABLE_FAIL2BAN+x}" && "${XUI_ENABLE_FAIL2BAN}" != "true" ]]; then
         echo -e "${yellow}XUI_ENABLE_FAIL2BAN=${XUI_ENABLE_FAIL2BAN}, skipping Fail2ban auto-setup.${plain}"
         return 0
@@ -1374,7 +1417,7 @@ setup_fail2ban() {
     if /usr/bin/x-ui setup-fail2ban; then
         echo -e "${green}Fail2ban setup complete.${plain}"
     else
-        echo -e "${yellow}Fail2ban setup did not finish; IP Limit stays disabled until you run 'x-ui' and open the IP Limit menu. Continuing.${plain}"
+        echo -e "${yellow}Fail2ban setup did not finish; IP Limit stays disabled until you run 'x-ui' menu.${plain}"
     fi
     return 0
 }
@@ -1682,4 +1725,4 @@ install_x-ui() {
 
 echo -e "${green}Running...${plain}"
 install_base
-install_x-ui $1
+install_x-ui $1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/web/service/xray.go b/internal/web/service/xray.go
index 7e97d8e0c3..1458c530b4 100644
--- a/internal/web/service/xray.go
+++ b/internal/web/service/xray.go
@@ -158,15 +158,28 @@ func (s *XrayService) GetXrayConfig() (*xray.Config, error) {
 
 		var finalClients []any
 		var wgPeers []any
+		// Track processed emails to avoid duplicates in the final clients list.
+		processed := make(map[string]bool)
+
 		for i := range dbClients {
 			c := dbClients[i]
+
+			if processed[c.Email] {
+				continue
+			}
+
 			if enable, exists := enableMap[c.Email]; exists && !enable {
 				logger.Infof("Remove Inbound User %s due to expiration or traffic limit", c.Email)
+				processed[c.Email] = true
 				continue
 			}
+
 			if !c.Enable {
 				continue
 			}
+
+			processed[c.Email] = true
+
 			flow := c.Flow
 			if flow == "xtls-rprx-vision-udp443" {
 				flow = "xtls-rprx-vision"
diff --git a/x-ui.sh b/x-ui.sh
index 9dcf27c0ad..eabcd15fd4 100644
--- a/x-ui.sh
+++ b/x-ui.sh
@@ -2255,119 +2255,91 @@ iplimit_main() {
 }
 
 setup_fail2ban_iplimit() {
-    # Honor the same toggle the panel uses (isFail2BanEnabled): enabled when the
-    # var is unset or exactly "true"; any other explicit value means the operator
-    # opted out, so do nothing rather than install a fail2ban the panel ignores.
+    # XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND is set in install.sh during initial setup.
+    # Possible values: iptables (default), nftables, none
+    local backend="${XUI_FAIL2BAN_BACKEND:-iptables}"
+
+    if [[ "$backend" == "none" ]]; then
+        echo -e "${yellow}Fail2ban/IP Limit skipped by user choice.${plain}\n"
+        return 0
+    fi
+
     if [[ -n "${XUI_ENABLE_FAIL2BAN+x}" && "${XUI_ENABLE_FAIL2BAN}" != "true" ]]; then
         echo -e "${yellow}XUI_ENABLE_FAIL2BAN=${XUI_ENABLE_FAIL2BAN}, skipping Fail2ban setup.${plain}\n"
         return 0
     fi
 
+    echo -e "${green}Setting up Fail2ban (backend: ${backend})...${plain}\n"
+
+    # Install fail2ban if missing
     if ! command -v fail2ban-client &> /dev/null; then
-        echo -e "${green}Fail2ban is not installed. Installing now...!${plain}\n"
-
-        # Install fail2ban together with nftables. Recent fail2ban packages
-        # default to `banaction = nftables-multiport` in /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf,
-        # but the `nftables` package isn't pulled in as a dependency on most
-        # minimal server images (Debian 12+, Ubuntu 24+, fresh RHEL-family).
-        # Without `nft` in PATH the default sshd jail fails to ban with
-        #   stderr: '/bin/sh: 1: nft: not found'
-        # even though our own 3x-ipl jail uses iptables. Bundling the binary
-        # at install time prevents that confusing log spam for new installs.
+        echo -e "${green}Fail2ban is not installed. Installing now...${plain}"
+
         case "${release}" in
-            ubuntu)
+            ubuntu|debian|armbian)
                 apt-get update
-                if [[ "${os_version}" -ge 2400 ]]; then
-                    apt-get install python3-pip -y
-                    python3 -m pip install pyasynchat --break-system-packages
-                fi
-                apt-get install fail2ban nftables -y
-                ;;
-            debian)
-                apt-get update
-                if [ "$os_version" -ge 12 ]; then
-                    apt-get install -y python3-systemd
-                fi
+                # Always install nftables (recent fail2ban defaults to nftables-multiport)
                 apt-get install -y fail2ban nftables
                 ;;
-            armbian)
-                apt-get update && apt-get install fail2ban nftables -y
+            fedora)
+                # Fedora has fail2ban in main repos
+                dnf install -y fail2ban nftables
                 ;;
-            fedora | amzn | virtuozzo | rhel | almalinux | rocky | ol)
-                if [[ "${release}" != "fedora" ]] && ! dnf repolist enabled 2> /dev/null | grep -qiw epel; then
-                    dnf install -y epel-release \
-                        || dnf install -y "https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-$(rpm -E %rhel).noarch.rpm" \
-                        || echo -e "${yellow}Could not enable the EPEL repository; fail2ban is only available from EPEL on this distro.${plain}"
-                fi
-                dnf makecache -y && dnf -y install fail2ban nftables
+            amzn|virtuozzo|rhel|almalinux|rocky|ol)
+                # RHEL-family: enable EPEL, use dnf (dnf available on all these)
+                dnf install -y epel-release
+                dnf install -y fail2ban nftables
                 ;;
             centos)
-                if [[ "${VERSION_ID}" =~ ^7 ]]; then
-                    yum makecache -y && yum install epel-release -y
-                    yum -y install fail2ban nftables
-                else
-                    dnf makecache -y && dnf -y install fail2ban nftables
-                fi
+                # CentOS 7 doesn't have dnf, use yum and enable EPEL
+                yum install -y epel-release
+                yum install -y fail2ban nftables
                 ;;
-            arch | manjaro | parch)
+            arch|manjaro|parch)
                 pacman -Sy --noconfirm fail2ban nftables
                 ;;
             alpine)
                 apk add fail2ban nftables
                 ;;
             *)
-                echo -e "${red}Unsupported operating system. Please check the script and install the necessary packages manually.${plain}\n"
+                echo -e "${red}Unsupported OS. Please install fail2ban manually.${plain}"
                 return 1
                 ;;
         esac
 
         if ! command -v fail2ban-client &> /dev/null; then
-            echo -e "${red}Fail2ban installation failed.${plain}\n"
+            echo -e "${red}Fail2ban installation failed.${plain}"
             return 1
         fi
-
-        echo -e "${green}Fail2ban installed successfully!${plain}\n"
-    else
-        echo -e "${yellow}Fail2ban is already installed.${plain}\n"
     fi
 
-    echo -e "${green}Configuring IP Limit...${plain}\n"
+    # Remove old conflicting 3x-ipl configs (safe on reinstall)
+    echo -e "${yellow}Preparing fresh IP Limit configuration...${plain}"
+    rm -f /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/3x-ipl.conf 2>/dev/null
+    rm -f /etc/fail2ban/action.d/3x-ipl.conf 2>/dev/null
+    rm -f /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/3x-ipl.conf 2>/dev/null
 
-    # make sure there's no conflict for jail files
-    iplimit_remove_conflicts
+    # Ensure log files exist
+    touch "${iplimit_banned_log_path}" "${iplimit_log_path}" 2>/dev/null || true
 
-    # Check if log file exists
-    if ! test -f "${iplimit_banned_log_path}"; then
-        touch ${iplimit_banned_log_path}
-    fi
+    # Create configuration with selected backend
+    create_iplimit_jails 30 "$backend"
 
-    # Check if service log file exists so fail2ban won't return error
-    if ! test -f "${iplimit_log_path}"; then
-        touch ${iplimit_log_path}
-    fi
+    # Persist chosen backend for future menu operations
+    mkdir -p /etc/x-ui
+    echo "$backend" > /etc/x-ui/fail2ban_backend
+    chmod 600 /etc/x-ui/fail2ban_backend
 
-    # Create the iplimit jail files
-    # we didn't pass the bantime here to use the default value
-    create_iplimit_jails
-
-    # Launching fail2ban
+    # Restart service
     if [[ $release == "alpine" ]]; then
-        if [[ $(rc-service fail2ban status | grep -F 'status: started' -c) == 0 ]]; then
-            rc-service fail2ban start
-        else
-            rc-service fail2ban restart
-        fi
+        rc-service fail2ban restart || rc-service fail2ban start
         rc-update add fail2ban
     else
-        if ! systemctl is-active --quiet fail2ban; then
-            systemctl start fail2ban
-        else
-            systemctl restart fail2ban
-        fi
+        systemctl restart fail2ban || systemctl start fail2ban
         systemctl enable fail2ban
     fi
 
-    echo -e "${green}IP Limit installed and configured successfully!${plain}\n"
+    echo -e "${green}IP Limit installed and configured successfully (backend: ${backend})!${plain}\n"
     return 0
 }
 
@@ -2488,15 +2460,23 @@ show_banlog() {
 create_iplimit_jails() {
     # Use default bantime if not passed => 30 minutes
     local bantime="${1:-30}"
+    # backend can be "iptables" (default) or "nftables"
+    local backend="${2:-iptables}"
+
+    # Load persisted backend choice from prior install (if not passed as argument)
+    if [[ $# -lt 2 && -f /etc/x-ui/fail2ban_backend ]]; then
+        backend=$(cat /etc/x-ui/fail2ban_backend)
+    fi
 
-    # Uncomment 'allowipv6 = auto' in fail2ban.conf
+    # Common configuration
     sed -i 's/#allowipv6 = auto/allowipv6 = auto/g' /etc/fail2ban/fail2ban.conf
 
-    # On Debian 12+ and Ubuntu 22.04+ fail2ban's default backend should be changed to systemd
+    # On Debian 12+ and Ubuntu 22.04+ change default backend to systemd
     if [[ ( "${release}" == "debian" && ${os_version} -ge 12 ) || ( "${release}" == "ubuntu" && ${os_version} -ge 2200 ) ]]; then
         sed -i '0,/action =/s/backend = auto/backend = systemd/' /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf
     fi
 
+    # Jail configuration (same for both backends)
     cat << EOF > /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/3x-ipl.conf
 [3x-ipl]
 enabled=true
@@ -2509,6 +2489,7 @@ findtime=32
 bantime=${bantime}m
 EOF
 
+    # Filter definition
     cat << EOF > /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/3x-ipl.conf
 [Definition]
 datepattern = ^%%Y/%%m/%%d %%H:%%M:%%S
@@ -2516,10 +2497,7 @@ failregex   = \[LIMIT_IP\]\s*Email\s*=\s*<F-USER>.+</F-USER>\s*\|\|\s*Disconnect
 ignoreregex =
 EOF
 
-    # Ports to exempt from the ban so an over-limit proxy client can never lock
-    # the administrator out of SSH or the panel. The ban still covers every other
-    # TCP and UDP port (including all Xray inbounds, e.g. UDP-based Hysteria2), so
-    # IP-limit keeps working for inbounds added later without regenerating these files.
+    # Ports to exempt from the ban (SSH + panel port)
     local ssh_ports
     ssh_ports=$(grep -oP '^[[:space:]]*Port[[:space:]]+\K[0-9]+' /etc/ssh/sshd_config 2>/dev/null | paste -sd, -)
     [[ -z "${ssh_ports}" ]] && ssh_ports="22"
@@ -2528,7 +2506,35 @@ EOF
     local exempt_ports="${ssh_ports}"
     [[ -n "${panel_port}" ]] && exempt_ports="${exempt_ports},${panel_port}"
 
-    cat << EOF > /etc/fail2ban/action.d/3x-ipl.conf
+    # === Backend-specific action configuration ===
+    if [[ "$backend" == "nftables" ]]; then
+        cat << 'EOF' > /etc/fail2ban/action.d/3x-ipl.conf
+[INCLUDES]
+before = nftables-common.conf
+
+[Definition]
+actionban = nft add element ip f2b 3x-ipl { <ip> }
+            echo "$(date +"%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")   BAN   [Email] = <F-USER> [IP] = <ip> banned." >> /var/log/fail2ban-iplimit.log
+
+actionunban = nft delete element ip f2b 3x-ipl { <ip> }
+              echo "$(date +"%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")   UNBAN   [Email] = <F-USER> [IP] = <ip> unbanned." >> /var/log/fail2ban-iplimit.log
+
+actionflush = nft flush set ip f2b 3x-ipl
+
+actionstart =
+    nft add table ip f2b 2>/dev/null || true
+    nft add set ip f2b 3x-ipl { type ipv4_addr; } 2>/dev/null || true
+    nft add chain ip f2b 3x-ipl { type filter hook input priority 0; } 2>/dev/null || true
+    nft add rule ip f2b 3x-ipl ip saddr @3x-ipl drop
+
+actionstop =
+    nft delete chain ip f2b 3x-ipl 2>/dev/null || true
+    nft delete set ip f2b 3x-ipl 2>/dev/null || true
+    nft delete table ip f2b 2>/dev/null || true
+EOF
+    else
+        # iptables — original behavior preserved
+        cat << EOF > /etc/fail2ban/action.d/3x-ipl.conf
 [INCLUDES]
 before = iptables-allports.conf
 
@@ -2556,23 +2562,9 @@ name = default
 chain = INPUT
 exemptports = ${exempt_ports}
 EOF
+    fi
 
-    echo -e "${green}Ip Limit jail files created with a bantime of ${bantime} minutes.${plain}"
-}
-
-iplimit_remove_conflicts() {
-    local jail_files=(
-        /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf
-        /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
-    )
-
-    for file in "${jail_files[@]}"; do
-        # Check for [3x-ipl] config in jail file then remove it
-        if test -f "${file}" && grep -qw '3x-ipl' ${file}; then
-            sed -i "/\[3x-ipl\]/,/^$/d" ${file}
-            echo -e "${yellow}Removing conflicts of [3x-ipl] in jail (${file})!${plain}\n"
-        fi
-    done
+    echo -e "${green}Ip Limit jail files created with a bantime of ${bantime} minutes (backend: ${backend}).${plain}"
 }
 
 SSH_port_forwarding() {
@@ -3606,4 +3598,4 @@ if [[ $# > 0 ]]; then
     esac
 else
     show_menu
-fi
+fi
\ No newline at end of file