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Source Provenance

This document records source provenance at metadata level only for the dataset accompanying the paper Whole-Life-Cycle Benchmarks for Domestic and Non-Domestic Buildings: A Method for Definition and Communication Applied to the German Building Stock. It is not a redistribution of raw third-party datasets, standards, source extracts, or copyrighted publications.

Main Standards And Method References

  • ISO 14040 and ISO 14044: life-cycle assessment principles and requirements.
  • EN 15643: sustainability assessment framework for construction works.
  • EN 15804+A2: environmental product declaration indicator context, including GWPfossil.
  • ISO 21678: benchmark principles, requirements, and guidelines.
  • Lützkendorf et al. (2023a): context-specific life-cycle environmental assessment methods for buildings.
  • Lützkendorf et al. (2023b): IEA EBC Annex 72 benchmark and target-setting guidance for life-cycle-based environmental performance of buildings.

Building Typology And Operational Benchmark Sources

  • Hörner and Bischof (2022): non-residential building-stock typology for Germany; used to structure 11 non-residential categories and derive operational reference and limit values from large-scale survey data.
  • Stein, Loga, and Müller (2025): representative German residential typologies; used to structure residential categories and derive operational reference and limit values from building-stock modelling.
  • Residential operational limit values: defined from an archetypal pre-1978 oil-heated building where comparable statistical distributions were not available.

Target, Reference, And Limit Value Sources

  • Schweizerischer Ingenieur- und Architektenverein (SIA) (2025), SIA 390/1:2025 Klimapfad - Treibhausgasbilanz über den Lebenszyklus von Gebäuden: source of proxy operational and embodied target values adapted for the German case-study context.
  • Bundesamt für Umwelt (BAFU) (2016): source for the proportionality factor used to convert from conditioned floor area to gross floor area when adapting Swiss target values.
  • Röck et al. (2022b): European embodied-carbon benchmark dataset and statistical distributions; used for embodied reference values and embodied limit values by building type where statistically representative German embodied-emission data were unavailable.
  • Roose (2010): cultural-similarity context cited in the paper to support the use of SIA 390 as an initial proxy.

German And European Benchmark Context

  • United Nations Environment Programme (2024): global building-sector emissions context.
  • Rasmussen et al. (2022) and Trigaux et al. (2021): existing benchmark systems and benchmark literature-review context.
  • Braune, Ekhvaia, and Quante (2021), Schlegl et al. (2019), Özdemir et al. (2022), BBSR & BBR (2020), and Agora Industrie, ifeu, RISE und Ramboll (2024): German benchmark, footprint, and embodied-carbon context discussed in the paper.
  • BMWSB (2023): QNG documentation cited as German certification and regulatory context.
  • Habert et al. (2020) and Priore, Jusselme, and Habert (2025): carbon-budget and top-down allocation uncertainty context.
  • Röck et al. (2020) and Röck et al. (2022a): embodied-emission background and building-use differentiation context.
  • Fahlstedt et al. (2024), Kjær Zimmermann et al. (2022), and Zimmermann, Rasmussen, and Birgisdóttir (2023): renovation, refurbishment, and whole-life GHG benchmarking context.
  • Hollberg et al. (2021): LCA result-visualization context.
  • Ahbe, Weihofen, and Wellge (2018) and Frischknecht et al. (2006): ecological-scarcity and eco-point context mentioned for possible future indicator aggregation.
  • ENOB:LezBAU (Fkz: 03EN1074A, 2026): project context for the communication concept and online LCA tool application.

Redistribution Policy

Only the derived workbook and repository documentation are included here. Users needing the original source data, standards, or publications should obtain them from the original providers and respect their respective rights, licenses, and access conditions.